k̂er-, k̂erǝ- : k̂rā-, k̂erei-, k̂ereu-

    k̂er-, k̂erǝ- : k̂rā-, k̂erei-, k̂ereu-

    English meaning: head; horn

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “das Oberste am Кörper: Kopf; Horn (and gehörnte Tiere); Gipfel”

    Material: O.Ind. śíras- n. (ved. only nom. acc.) “head, cusp, peak”, Av. sarah- n. “head” (in the 2. syllable not genau = Gk. κέρας from k̂erǝ-s from the heavy basis; die reduplicationgrade the ersten syllable, instead of *śaras-, is previously ind. or urarisch from dem Vorläufer from O.Ind. gen. śīrṣṇáḥ etc. verschleppt), gen. O.Ind. śīrṣṇáḥ, abl. śīrṣatáḥ (*k̂r̥̄sn̥-tos : Gk. κρά̄ατος); śŕ̥ṅga- (*k̂r̥-n-go-) n. “horn”, of n-stem *k̂er-(e)n- with perhaps originally bare nominativischem g, compare Gk. κραγγών “crab” and from the u-basis Gk. κορυ-γγ-εῖν κερατίζειν (see also under about Ir. congan); from the u-basis Av. srū-, srvü- “horn; nail an Fingern and Zehen”, srvara “gehörnt” (*srū + bhara-), srvī-stüy- “with hörnernen Widerhaken”; Arm. sar “height, acme, apex, slope” (k̂ero-); Gk. κάρ in Hom. ἐπὶ κάρ “auf den Kopf”, Hippocr. ἀνάκαρ “after above”, originally probably *k̂er gen. *k̂er-ós (καρός), from which analogical κάρ, καρός; besides κάρᾱ, Ion. κάρη “ head”; ein s-loser stem κᾰρ- is unabweislich for ἔγ-καρος (and ἄ-καpος with α- as Tiefst. to ἐν), ἴγ-κρ-ος “Gehirn”; perhaps here Ion. κᾱρῖς, -ῖδος, Att. κᾱρίς, -ίδος f. “kind of Krebs”, Dor. κωρίς κουρίς ds.; kerǝs- in Gk. κέρας “horn” (gen. ep. κέραος, Att. -ως, newer -ατος, later episch -ά̄ατος) see under Lat. cerebrum; maybe Alb.Gheg krëja “head”, Tosc krye- “head” : Rom. creier “brain” *καρασ- (*k̂erǝs-) in: Att. κάρᾱ “head” (n. *kerǝs-n̥ > *καραα), Ion. κάρη ds., obliquer stem *krüsn- (with -ατ- for -n-) aeol. gen. κρά̄ατος, out of it κρᾱτός; Mischbildungen are καρήατος and κάρητος (*κρᾱσν- = O.Ind. śīr̥ṣṇ-); κάρηαρ; in addition καροῦσθαι ‘sich schwer in Kopfe feel “; Hom. κάρηνα nom. pl. “Köpfe, Bergesgipfel” (secondary sg. κάρηνον, Att. Dor. κάρᾱνον, Eol. καραννο-), basic form *κάρασνᾰ pl.; compare M. Leumann Homer. Wörter 159. καρά̄ρα κεφαλή Hes. (*καρασ-ρα; therefrom Καρά̄ρων, father of Κάρᾱνος); about κρήδεμνον, Dor. κρά̄δεμνον “head fascia” s. Schwyzer Gl. 12, 20; about Hom. κατὰκρῆθεν (= κατ” ἄκρηθεν) s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56 ff.; perhaps κρᾱαίνω “vollfũhre”. Wenn κραιπάλη “Katzenjammer after a intoxication “ because of Lat. crüpula as κρᾱιπαλη aufzufassen is (in 2. part then πάλλω), could κρᾱ[σ]ι- besides *καρασ-ρᾱ stand, as by Adjektiven e.g. κῡδι-άνειρα besides κῡδρός; *κρᾰσ- (*k̂rǝs- or *κρᾱσ-, *kr̥̄s-) in Att. κράσπεδον “hem, edge; Heeresflũgel”; ἀμφί- κρᾱνος (*κρᾰ̄σ-νο-) “rings with Köpfen versehen (Hydra)”, ἐκατόγ-κρᾱνος “100köpfig”, Ion. ἐπίκρηνον κεφαλόδεσμον Hes., Att. κρᾱνίον “cranium”, ὀλε[νο]κρᾱνον, ωλέκρᾱνον “elbow”; κρανίξαι ἐπὶ κεφαλήν ἀπορρῖψαι Hes. next to which with lengthened grade (: κέρας) κερανίξαι κολυμβῆσαι κυβιστῆσαι Hes., ναυ-κρᾱρος ‘schiffshaupt, Schiffsherr” (diss. ναυ- κλᾱρος, -κληρος), böot. Λᾱκρᾱρίδᾱς from *Λᾱ-κρᾱρος “ head of Volkes”; in addition κραῖρα f. “head”, ἡμίκραιρα etc. (from *κρασ-ρια); o-grade *κορσ- in Ion. κόρση, Att. κόρρη, Dor. κόρρα ‘schläfe, head” (IE *k̂ors-); of -(e)n-stem k̂er(e)n- : κράνος “helmet” (*k̂r̥no-s); κάρνος ... βόσκημα, πρόβατον Hes.; κέρναι, κέρνα pl. “die beiden Hervorragungen an den Knochenfortsätzen the dorsal vertebrae” (*k̂ern- or *k̂ers-n); κραγγών “crab” (compare above O.Ind. śŕ̥ṅga-); unclear is die formation from κεράμβυξ, -υκος “Hirschkäfer”; κά̄ραβος m. “Meerkrebs; Käferart; kind of ship” (> Lat. carübus ds.), perhaps with Maced. (?) derivative (Gk. *-φος) to κᾱρίς ‘seekrebs”, see above; but all doubtful. Von k̂ereu- : κόρυδός m., f. “Haubenlerche” (: Gmc. herut- “deer”); κόρυς, -υθος “helmet”, Hom. κῦμα κορύσσεται “bäumt sich” κόρυμβος, κορυφή “ acme, apex “, κορύπτω ‘stoße with dem Kopf, denHörnern”, κορυγγεῖν κερατίζειv Hes. (to -γγ- see above to śŕ̥ṅga-). Von k̂erei- : κρῑός “aries, ram” (compare in ders. meaning κεραστής), ablaut. with O.N. hreinn, O.E. hrün “ reindeer “. Vereinzeltes: κάρτην την βοῦν. Κρῆτες Hes. (if *k̂r̥-tü “die Gehörnte”); κυρίττω, κυρηβάζω ‘stoße with den Hörnern” (as κορύπτω; *k̂or-); Lat. cerebrum “Hirn” (*k̂erǝs-ro-m, compare Gk. καρά̄ρα); cervīx “ nape “ (*cers-vīc-); cernuus, cernulus “Gaukler, the Purzelbäume makes, sich kopfũber ũberschlägt” (*k̂ersnou̯os; if not rather Lw. from the language the Gk. Jongleure, compare κερανίξαι), crübrō “hornet” (see under). Vom (e)n-stem: cornū “horn” (the u-stem perhaps as Gaul. κάρνυξ; “Trompete” through amalgamation of n- and u-stem); compare also Illyr. PN Σρικόρνιον (Moesia), PN Cornuīnus etc. (Krahe IF. 58, 222 f.) from *k̂r̥n-; to crübrō “Hornisse” (*crüsrō, k̂erǝsron-) stellt sich (IE k̂r̥̄s-еn-): O.H.G. hurnū̆ z, hornaz, m., O.E. hyrnet(u) “Hornisse” (*hurznuta); Dutch horzel (*hurzla- ), Ger. Horlitze; Lith. šì rše f., širšlỹ s m., šì ršuolis, old širšuo “wasp”, šì ršuonas, šì ršūnas “Hornisse”, Ltv. sirsis, O.Pruss. sirsilis “Hornisse”; R.C.S. (etc.) sъrъšenь “Hornisse, gadfly, brake”, Serb. sȑśljén “Hornisse”; compare Būga Kalba ir senove I 191, 224; Bret. kern ‘scheitel, whirl of Kopfes”, M.Ir. cern f. “point, edge”; Gaul. κάρνυξ “Trompete”, κάρνον την σάλπιγγα. Γαλάται; Welsh Corn. Bret. karn “hoof the Einhufer” (from “*horn”; but M.Ir. Corn. Bret. corn “Trinkhorn”, Welsh corn “horn”; because of Brit. VN Cornoviī etc. barely from dem Lat.); O.H.G. hirni, O.N. hiarni “Hirn” (*k̂ersniom), Dutch hersen “Hirn”, O.N. hiarsi ‘scheitel, whirl of Kopfes” (*k̂erson-); of (e)n-stem: Goth. haúrn, O.H.G. O.N. horn “horn, Trinkhorn, Trompete” (see above to Lat. cornu), with t-suffix (compare above Gk. κάρτην) in addition O.H.G. (h)rind, O.E. hrīðer n. “Horntier”, zero grade O.E. hrȳðer ds., nd. Dutch rund “rother, cattle”. Von the u-basis: O.H.G. hiruz, O.S. hirot, O.E. heorot, O.N. hjǫrtr, Ger. Hirsch (-dforms as in Gk. κόρυδος; also in:) O.N. hrūtr “aries, ram”; Maybe zero grade in Alb.Gheg (*kruni) truni “brain, head” : O.C.S. srъna “roe deer” common Alb. k- > t- : g- > d- phonetic mutatIon. Ltv. sirnas pl. “Rehe”. (Endzelin KZ. 42, 378) = O.C.S. srъna “roe deer” (: κάρνος); ablaut equally with Welsh carw; in addition belongs die derivative: k̂erǝu̯o-s : k̂ṝu̯o-s “gehörnt, hirschköpfig, as Subst. deer” or “cow”. Gk. κεραός “gehörnt”; Lat. cervus, -ī m. “deer”, cerva f. “ hind “, therefrom cervīnus “isabellfarben”, Gaul.-Lat. cervēsia, cervīsia “hirschfarbenes, braunes Getränk, beer” (Pokorny Vox Rom. 10, 259); Welsh carw, Corn. carow, Bret. karo m. “deer” (*kr̥̄u̯o-s); in addition the Gebirgsname Karawanken; O.Pruss. sirwis m. “roe deer” (out of it borrowed finn. hirvi “ elk, deer” compare also sarve, lapp. čuarvi “ elk “); probably from a Kentumsprache derive: Alb. ka “ox” (*k̂r̥̄u̯-);

    Note: Wrong etymology – Alb. kau “ox” : Rom. bou “ox” derived from Root gʷou- : “cattle”. Lith. kárvė “cow”; in addition kárviena f. “Kuhfleisch” (: Cz. kravina “Kuhhaut”); R.C.S. krava, Pol. krowa, Russ. koróva f. “cow” (*k̂orǝu̯ü); ablaut. O.Pol. karw (*k̂r̥̄u̯o-s) “alter ox” (out of it borrowed O.Pruss. curwis voc., acc. kurwan “ox”).

    References: WP. I 403 ff., WH. I 164, 203 f., 206, 207, 276, 283 f., 284, 856, 858, Trautmann 119, 305 f., Schwyzer Gk. I 583, Benveniste Origines 24 f., 175.